"When managing difficult people, if it isn't written down, it's as if it didn't happen." Colleen Kettenhofen

Many managers and supervisors are promoted to management positions based on their hard skills. Yet few of them have had training in the area of managing people. Especially managing difficult people. In conducting seminars on managing people, one challenge I hear managers and supervisors face nowadays is how to manage a difficult employee. You can't control them, but you can control their environment in the hopes of coaching the employee to better performance.

Here are 10 Management Tips for Managing Difficult People:

1. Document, document, document. As far as the courts are concerned, if it isn't written down it's as if it didn't happen. Even if you have a prospective employee sign a form saying they know they can be terminated at any time, without cause, and without warning or reason. You never want to terminate without proper documentation. Terminating an employee without cause, reason, or prior warning, can make it easier for the difficult person to win a wrongful termination lawsuit.

2. Document training and coaching. Any type of training you provide for your difficult employee is considered coaching. In managing difficult people, many managers assume the documentation is to build a case for termination. It is not! It's really to show everything you did to try and salvage the difficult employee. This includes any and all training. Whether you trained the employee, someone else trained them, or you sent them to a seminar to be coached to better performance.

3. Avoid the word "attitude." In managing difficult people, why would you want to avoid saying something like, "Pat, I don't like your attitude?" Because it's too subjective. It's not specific enough.

4. Focus instead on specific behaviors or the quality of their work. For example, what should you do if every time you delegate a special project to the difficult person, they fold their arms, exhale loudly, roll their eyes, and sarcastically mutter under their breath, "Okay, whatever?!" You would want to say in a low controlled tone something like, "Pat, every time I delegate a special project to you, the arms are folded, you're rolling your eyes, muttering under your breath, 'Okay, whatever.' What seems to be the cause of this?" Notice I listed specific behaviors. So focus on facts.

5. Be objective, not subjective. As mentioned, when managing difficult people, be objective by mentioning specific behaviors, or specific declines in the quality of their work. For example, when documenting the employee's "attitude," you might document the following: "Every time I delegated a special project to Pat so-and-so, he/she would fold their arms, exhale loudly, roll their eyes, and mutter under their breath, "Okay, whatever!" Now, if this were ever read by a jury, or your Human Resources department if you have one, or your manager, they would have a clear picture of this person's attitude.

"When managing difficult people, it's imperative that you make their goals and objectives measurable, specific, quantifiable, and in writing for accountability."

6. Provide specific examples of the behavior or quality of work you want. Put it in writing for accountability. When managing difficult people, it's imperative that as their manager or supervisor, you're making their goals and objectives clear. For example, if they're doing clerical work, they are to, "Correct and proofread all required reports for the quality control department." Or if they're in customer service, and example of a measurable, quantifiable, specific goal would be that they are to, "Respond to all customer complaints within 48 hours of receiving them." If they're in manufacturing, they are to, "Produce 35% more wingbats by December 15 of this year. " You get the idea.

7. Be aware of how you present yourself. When managing difficult people, remember, you are their role model. Be aware of your eye contact. Typically look at the person for two to five seconds. You don't want to stare at them bug eyed! But you also don't want to avoid looking at them because you'll come across as too passive, too wishy-washy. They'll sense you're fearful of confrontation.

Having lots of eye contact can be difficult for some people because in some cultures, children are brought up that it's disrespectful to have eye contact with their elders. It can be difficult to unlearn these habits. Also, watch your tone of voice. Use a low controlled tone. Be aware of your body language, too. Study after study shows that fully 93% of what people notice and believe about you in face-to-face communication is based on your tone and body language.

8. Be very clear and concise in spelling out the consequences of what could happen if they don't improve. For example, if this is a verbal warning, you might say to the employee, "You know our policy here, and right now this is a verbal warning. As it says in our handbook, if there isn't sustainable and maintained improvement including and beyond the next thirty days, it could result in further disciplinary action. Or, it could even result in termination." In managing difficult people, one of the golden rules is you don't want the employee to ever be able to say that they "weren't warned." Or, "I didn't know. You didn't tell me that."

9. Get at the root cause of what is causing the employee to be difficult in the first place. For example, do they simply not like their job? Would they rather be in a different department? Are there personal issues going on with the difficult person that you need to know about? While it's not your business to know what they do outside of work, it is your business if it's something that's affecting their work performance.

You can simply say to the difficult person, "Is everything okay? Is there anything going on that I need to know about? Because this drop in performance just doesn't seem like you. As your manager/supervisor I want to see you succeed. And I've noticed a real decline in the quality of your work, for example...." Then, give very specific examples. Remember, be objective not subjective. Focus on facts. Attack the problem not the difficult person. Attack the behavior not the person.

In managing difficult people, a lot of this is common-sense. Yet, as mentioned earlier, most managers, supervisors and team leaders are promoted to leadership positions based on the fact that they were doing a great job. But that doesn't mean they know how to instinctively manage difficult people.

10. In managing difficult people, have follow up performance-related meetings with the difficult employee. For two reasons: First, it's what the courts want to see. Second, it does the employee a great disservice if they make a big turn-around and you don't acknowledge it. Have a date and a time in writing for when you and the difficult person are going to meet again. And do meet! According to research one of the main reasons employee improvement plans fail is lack of follow-up on the part of the manager.

"When managing difficult people, most of us know what to do. We just don't always 'do' with what we know." Colleen Kettenhofen