Cells in the pancreas make the hormone insulin, if the cells stop producing enough insulin or if the cells in certain body tissues become resistant to the action of insulin, Diabetes mellitus will be the result. Diabetic animals are unable to control their blood sugar, they have hyperglycemia (blood sugar is to high). The cause of the disease is a mystery but chronic pancreatitis and heredity have been suggested as possible causes.

Symptoms: Symptoms include but are not limited to: Drinking more, urinating more, weight loss, increased appetite, dehydration, and sudden cataract formation. If diabetes remains uncontrolled the animal may become ketotic - cells begin to use fat as fuel for energy production, ketone bodies then begin to accumulate in the blood. If your dog is ketotic it may have these additional symptoms: depression, weakness, vomiting, rapid breathing, and the breath may have an odor of acetone to it. If your dog has any of these symptoms see your veterinarian immediately.

The normal blood glucose level in dogs is between 60 and 120. Most glucometers will results of up to 360 but I have seen some dogs whose glucose levels were so high the meter couldn’t register it. If an abnormally high glucose level is found, the dog is usually kept for several days while the levels are monitored every one to three hours. If the glucose levels continue to remain elevated the veterinarian will discuss treatment options with the owner. It will be ultimately up to the owner as to whether the pet is euthanized or placed on a special diet such as Hills w/d while also given injections of insulin. Although there are oral diabetic medications for humans and cats, there is none available for dogs at this time. Deciding to go with the treatments and monitoring of blood glucose levels requires a serious commitment on the part of the owner.

Some symptoms may require very high dosages of insulin injections. Veterinarians typically perform an ACTH stimulation test to gauge insulin sensitivity. Insulin sensitivity is commonly found in dogs with chronic infections or chronic kidney failure. Hopefully, the canine owner is able to notice some of the canine diabetes symptoms before these chronic disorders are in effect. In some dogs, even large doses of insulin are used up quickly and become less and less effective over time. Shifting the dosage to a longer acting or more frequent application may be the answer.

A general appearance of being "off" perhaps accompanied with weight loss, appetite generally remains unchanged. The dog may be drinking more than normal and/or urinating more than usual Poor hair and skin condition

Vomiting

Urinating a Lot

It stands to reason, if your dog is drinking more, then they’re going to be wanting outside a lot more too. So, although you may not notice the increased water intake right away (as it can be very gradual), you’ll certainly be made aware of the increased need to urniate (think revolving door).

Your Dog May Develop "Sweet Breath"

Most of us dog owners will complain of a dog’s "Bad Breath", so you’ll most likely notice if the breath takes on a "sweet" smell. This is a sign that your dog’s Blood Sugar Levels have risen to high and need to be brought under control.

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