It is a sad reality – on a near-daily basis, local media outlets run stories of animal abuse and neglect. Some instances of abuse and neglect are obvious, but what are some of the more subtle symptoms, and why is important to report suspected cases?

• Malnutrition – If you notice animals that seem extremely thin or emaciated, it may be a warning sign of neglect. Some malnourished pets may look for other sources of food, including scrounging in garbage or stealing food from humans or other animals. In some cases, pets that were underfed may continue this behavior for years – even when provided adequate, nutritious food on a regular basis.

• Signs of physical abuse – This is often one of the most obvious problems. It is never acceptable to hit, kick or injure an animal in one’s care. Pets that flinch or cower at sharp movements or loud noises may have experienced poor treatment in the past, and should be handled with care.

• Failure to provide adequate medical care – Visits to the vet can be costly, but pet owners who choose to withhold care for illnesses or injuries are subjecting their pets to a form of neglect. Take note of pets that have illnesses or injuries that don’t seem to improve over time.

• Failure to properly socialize – This is a fairly subtle form of neglect. Pet owners need to provide safe opportunities for their pets to interact with other animals and people in a controlled manner. A poorly socialized animal, regardless of breed, can have difficulty. Problems can include aggressive behaviors or even biting.

• Isolation – Domestic animals, particularly dogs, need regular contact with their human owners. Dogs left alone outdoors are more likely to be destructive, to bark and to develop aggressive behaviors. Furthermore, dogs who are left tethered, penned or caged can’t escape danger – whether from weather, other animals or even malicious human behavior.

• Other areas to monitor – If you note animals that are left to wander, that cry, howl or bark for extended periods of time or that are excessively dirty you may be witness to possible cases of abuse or neglect.

Many of these situations require subjective decisions. If you are not sure whether you are observing symptoms of abuse or neglect contact your local Humane Society or ASPCA. They can help determine whether or not the situation requires follow-up.

Why report suspected abuse or neglect? There are several reasons – first, we all have a responsibility to make sure that animals in our community are not mistreated. In many cases, owner-education can make a significant improvement in the situation. Secondly, abuse of animals is often a precursor to forms of abuse or violence against other humans. In these instances, authorities can help the abuser find help before the behavior grows worse. Finally, animals that are mistreated can, themselves, become dangerous – particularly to children and other animals.

Pets – unlike figurine animals -- require food, nurturing, grooming and care. Pet owners need to understand that by taking a pet into your home, you are committing yourself to the well-being of another living thing. Care for your pets, and if you see potential abuse and neglect of animals around you speak up – for the good of the animals, their owners and your community.