The False Promise Of Ethanol
- Author Klaus H Hemsath
- Published March 19, 2008
- Word count 744
Ethanol is being promoted as one of the solutions for controlling global warming. US Congress has followed this reasoning and has provided a subsidy for ethanol production in the amount of $0.51 per gallon. This subsidy created a minor boom in corn growing states in the USA. In 2006, the annual ethanol production reached 4.85 billion gallons. The Federal Government had to pay out 2.48 billion dollars and the consumer was faced with a major increase of corn prices, which resulted in a considerable jump in food prices. Corn farmers were happy, a large number of corn fermentation plants were built, and ethanol is now dispensed in special fuel stations.
What did society get in return? After all, the need for a subsidy was promoted by the argument that we need to reduce global warming and petroleum imports. In the past, ethanol has been produced predominantly in Brazil, has replaced a large percentage of Brazil's petroleum imports, and is sold and used widely in that country.
Ethanol is an acceptable motor fuel. Its major shortcoming is its energy density, which is only two thirds that of gasoline. Instead of driving 375 miles on a tank full of gasoline, one can drive only 250 miles on the same tank filled with ethanol. Minor engine modifications are required, which are now standard on most cars in Brazil and on many cars in the US. There is one major difference between the ethanol produced in Brazil and the ethanol produced in the United States. In Brazil, the ethanol is produced from sugarcane, in the US from corn.
Ethanol is produced in both cases from biomass. Biomass is grown on arable lands. Plants remove carbon dioxide from the atmosphere and convert it into energy-rich wood or other plants by using only water and sunshine for the conversion. When biomass or fuels derived from biomass are combusted, they can only release as much carbon dioxide as they previously removed from the atmosphere. Therefore, burning motor fuels produced from biomass does not contribute to the accumulation of heat absorbing gases in our atmosphere! Combustion of biomass fuels is carbon-neutral!
The question now becomes; how much does it cost the US public to reduce carbon dioxide emissions by producing ethanol from corn? To arrive at an answer one has to make mass and energy balances. The rules for making such balances are well established in thermodynamics and in chemical engineering.
Present production processes for making ethanol from corn can only use roughly ten percent of the corn plant, which consists of 10 % corn kernels and of 90 % stover, the rest of the plant. The ripened corn is harvested in the usual fashion, is ground, fermented, and distilled. The product is 200-proof moonshine, which can be used directly in cars. At colder temperatures, it is advantageous to add a small percentage of gasoline. It is presently possible to produce 2.8 gallon of ethanol from one bushel (56 pounds) of corn (the energy conversion efficiency of corn to ethanol is 57.5 %).
Before one can harvest corn, one must prepare the soil, fertilize the ground, seed the corn, and harvest it. Each of these steps consumes energy. Additional energy is consumed when the corn is converted into ethanol. Energy consumption of all these production steps has been measured. Under the very best conditions, one-half of the produced energy must be used to grow, harvest, and process the corn. At present, this energy portion is supplied in the form of fertilizing chemicals, diesel fuel for tractors, and natural gas for corn converting. This means that we produce 1.4 gallon net usable energy in the form of ethanol but pay $1.43 in subsidies for 2.8 gallons produced.
Ethanol production is great when intended as a sophisticated form of agricultural subsidy. Effects of ethanol consumption on overall carbon dioxide emissions are minute. The premium the public has to pay for this (well-intended?) political maneuver is huge. The lessons learned are simple and sobering. Political solutions to technical issues are usually ineffective, expensive, counterproductive, and produce a multitude of unintended consequences. Let us hope that our US Congress did not really attempt to legislate a major jump in food prices.
There is one major, redeeming feature. Farmers, who are growing corn for ethanol production, will be more open to grow plants with higher energy yields, eventually. We must breed and grow plants with much higher energy yields and we must develop more efficient conversion processes for the production of motor fuels from biomass. Otherwise, we will run out of arable lands quickly.
Dr. Hemsath recently published the book CLIMATE CHANGE - GOLD RUSH OR DISASTER? For 50 years he has worked as scientist, process engineer, Director of R&D, Corporate Vice President of R&D, Company President, Chief Executive Officer, and Inventor. He holds more than 60 US Patents. Visit his site at http://www.thermalexpert.com
He is now working on a second book, THE SOLUTION TO GLOBAL WARMING AND CLIMATE CHANGE.
Article source: https://articlebiz.comRate article
Article comments
There are no posted comments.
Related articles
- An analysis of the Israel-Gaza conflict from the perspective of Nigeria by Palash Kausher
- Government Policies and the Promotion of Sustainable Energy
- The Smart Choice: Embracing Paper Cups for a Sustainable Future
- Stratospheric Aerosol Injection: A Reckless Gamble with Our Fragile Atmosphere
- Marine biodiversity observed on the great pacific garbage patch
- The Essential Purchase You Can Make to Support Local Businesses
- What’s the Hype around Bioheat® Fuel?
- The Best Perk of Bioheat® Fuel: New York’s Sustainable Energy Blend
- The Very Real Reasons Bioheat® Fuel Is Better, Cleaner & Safer for the Environment
- Are Waste & Compliance Eating Your Profits? One Simple Shift Can Save Your Small Manufacturing Business
- Green hydrogen: Europe’s new hope for energetic sovereignty and industrial innovation
- 10 Unsung Towns Shaping the Future of Sustainability.
- Nairobi: A City Drowning in its Own Waste - A Call to Collective Action
- The Significant Role of Women in Advancing Clean Energy in Nigeria
- Just Stop Oil: The controversial activist group who demand a greener future
- The Benefits of Streetlights
- The Chilling Truth: How Air Conditioning Feeds into World Hunger
- Shifting from Fossil Fuels to Renewable Energy – Using Sustainable Technologies
- Nigeria's Stride Towards Refined Oil: A Milestone in Energy Evolution
- Elimination of Species: An Argumentative View
- Plastic Pollution and the Importance of Plastic Recycling
- OCEAN ICE DROPS TO 'DISTURBING' LEVELS IN THE ANTARCTIC: 'EVERYBODY OUGHT TO BE CONCERNED'
- preventing your roof against hurricane season
- Sustainable buildings: the role of real estate development in environmental conservation
- Methane, a Significant Environmental Problem.
- 7 Effective Ways to Save Our Environment
- Harnessing the Potential of AI for a Sustainable Future
- Save our forests
- Impact Investing for Social and Environmental Challenges
- Consumerism: Why We Should Recycle