With a chemical formula of NaOH, sodium hydroxide is also referred to as caustic soda and lye. It is a white crystalline substance and it quickly absorbs carbon dioxide and moisture from the air. It is also corrosive and known to be very soluble in alcohol, water, and glycerin.

Commercially, the substance is available in different white solid forms and as solutions of various concentrations in water. The principal method for the manufacture of caustic soda is through electrolysis of brine. But, it is also prepared through the reaction of sodium carbonate or soda in concentrated solution form with calcium hydroxide or slaked lime.

The substance is used in different industries and one of the advantages of its use is its low cost as well as its being easy to detect, remove, and dispose. One of its primary uses is in chemical manufacturing, specifically in acid neutralization, pH control, and off-gas scrubbing. It is also used in the paper industry. It is a key component, together with sodium sulfide, of the white liquor solution used to separate lignin from cellulose fibers in the so-called Kraft process. In the petroleum and natural gas industry, it is used to remove acidic contaminants in the processing of oil and gas.

Lye or caustic soda is also used in:

• the manufacture of soap and detergents and other cleaning products

• cotton mercerizing and scouring

• water treatment

• flue-gas scrubbing

• mining

• food processing

• glass making

• textile processing

• rubber reclamation

• refining vegetable oils

• metal processing

• metal degreasing

• adhesive preparations

• removing paint

Undeniably, the substance has a wide range of uses. It is a strong chemical formula and has potential health effects. When it comes into contact with the eye or eyes, it may result to ulceration of the conjuctiva and cornea. With regards to skin contact, it can cause deep ulcers of the skin. It can also cause severe burns with delayed tissue destruction. Furthermore, inhalation of the substance can lead to pulmonary edema and chemical pneumonitis. When it is ingested or swallowed, it may cause vomiting, abdominal pain, perforation of the digestive tract, circulatory system failure, or even death.

Because of its potential health effects, it must be stored and handled properly. It must be stored in a tightly closed container and in a cool, dry storage area. It must be kept away from strong acids, water, and metals. Moreover, the substance must be added to water while stirring and not the other way around. Protective equipment must be worn when handling the chemical, such as protective eyeglasses or chemical safety goggles as well as protective gloves. Its containers must be disposed properly as they can be dangerous when empty. This is because these containers tend to retain product residues.

First aid measures can be given when accidents take place, though. In case of inhalation, the victim must be moved to a spot where there is fresh air. If it is ingestion, give the victim water or milk and never induce vomiting. In case of skin contact or eye contact, flush the skin or the affected eye with plenty of water for 15 minutes, at the least. More importantly, in accidents like these, seek medical help immediately.

Apparently, sodium hydroxide is very useful in our society. Its use does not end in the laboratories. But just like those other strong chemicals, it has a potential to be dangerous especially when great care is not given in its storage and use. Its negative effects can be avoided, though, and it can be achieved by being informed about the substance.